4月 10日 英语考试

🧾 Title 标题

A Comparative Analysis of the Russian Locative Case and Chinese Locative Expressions
俄语方位格与中文方位表达的对比研究

🎤 Opening 开场白

Good morning everyone. My name is ---. Today, I’d like to present a comparative study between the Russian locative case and Chinese locative expressions.
大家好，我是---。今天我想向大家介绍一项关于俄语方位格与中文方位表达方式的对比研究。

📚 Background and Significance 背景与意义

This research deepens our typological understanding of Russian and Chinese, and it supports teaching and textbook development.
本研究有助于深化我们对汉语和俄语的类型学理解，并为语言教学和教材开发提供理论支持。

Although Chinese and Russian belong to different language families, they show notable similarities in how space is expressed.
尽管中文和俄语属于不同的语系，它们在空间表达方式上却有不少相似之处。

🎯 Aims and Research Questions 研究目标与问题

The aims of this research are:
本研究的目标包括：

• To explore the category of locative meaning
  探索“方位意义”这一语义范畴

• To compare how both languages express space
  比较两种语言如何表达空间关系

• To analyze grammaticalization and usage differences
  分析语法化过程与使用差异

Main questions include:
主要研究问题包括：

• How do Russian and Chinese represent spatial relations?
  俄语和汉语如何表达空间关系？

• What are the cognitive and linguistic mechanisms behind these expressions?
  这些表达背后的认知和语言机制是什么？

📊 Comparative Analysis 对比分析

1. Chinese Locative Expressions 中文方位表达

Chinese uses word order and function words (like “在”, “上”, “里”) to express space.
汉语通过词序和虚词（如“在”“上”“里”）表达空间。

There is no morphological change. Meaning depends heavily on context.
汉语没有词形变化，语义主要依赖上下文。

Example:
例如：

• “我站在地上” (I stand on the ground)

• “鸟飞过屋顶” (The bird flies over the roof)

2. Russian Locative Case 俄语方位格

Russian distinguishes between static and dynamic spatial relations through case endings and prepositions.
俄语通过名词的格变化和介词来区分静态和动态的空间关系。

Example:
例如：

• “Я стою в парке.” (I am standing in the park.) – static, use of prepositional case

• “Я иду в школу.” (I am going to school.) – dynamic, use of accusative case

🧠 Cognitive and Cultural Differences 认知与文化差异

Chinese spatial expressions focus on relative positioning and motion context.
中文空间表达注重相对位置和运动语境。

Russian encodes contact, direction, and movement directly through morphology.
俄语则通过词形变化直接编码接触状态、方向与动作。

❌ Common Errors 学习者常见错误

Russian Learners of Chinese:
俄语学习者在汉语中常见错误：

• “我走在学校” ❌
  应为：“我在学校里走。” ✅

Chinese Learners of Russian:
汉语学习者在俄语中常见错误：

• “Я стою в парк” ❌
  应为：“Я стою в парке.” ✅

✅ Pedagogical Implications 教学意义

Understanding these differences:
理解这些差异可以：

• Improve teaching methods in both Russian and Chinese
  改进汉语与俄语的教学方法

• Help learners avoid interference from their native language
  帮助学习者避免母语干扰

• Aid in developing better bilingual textbooks and translation strategies
  有助于双语教材与翻译策略的优化

🧾 Conclusion 结论

Despite structural differences, both languages serve the same communicative goal — to express space.
尽管结构不同，两种语言都能有效表达空间意义。

However, they follow different linguistic paths:
但它们走的是不同的语言路径：

• Chinese: context, verbs, and semantic combinations
  汉语：依赖语境和动词组合表达

• Russian: prepositions and morphological case
  俄语：通过介词与名词词形变化表达

📚 References 参考文献

（请根据你论文最后一页的参考文献列表呈现）

Q&A

1.

中文：中俄表达“空间”有什么不同？
English: How do Chinese and Russian express space differently?

答：
中文靠语序和词语搭配表达空间，例如“在桌子上”；俄语则通过介词加词尾变化，比如“на столе”（在桌子上）。
Answer:
Chinese uses word order and phrases like “在桌子上” to express space, while Russian uses prepositions and case endings, like “на столе”.

2.

中文：中俄学习者常犯哪些空间表达错误？
English: What common mistakes do learners make in spatial expressions in Chinese and Russian?

答：
中文学习者常用错方位词或忽略语境，如“我走在学校”；俄语学习者会用错介词或格，比如“Я стою в парк”。
Answer:
Chinese learners often misuse location words or ignore context (e.g., “我走在学校”), while Russian learners may choose the wrong preposition or case (e.g., “Я стою в парк”).

3.

中文：这两种语言的空间表达对教学有什么启发？
English: What does this comparison tell us about language teaching?

答：
对比能帮助教师更好地讲解结构差异，避免学生母语迁移带来的错误，并能设计更有针对性的练习。
Answer:
The comparison helps teachers explain structural differences clearly, avoid errors from native language transfer, and design more effective exercises.